b. Unswerving: Steady, constant, and determined
c. Magnanimous: Generous and forgiving
d. Trample: To crush by stepping heavily on something
e. Tremendous: Extremely large or great
f. Inevitable: Unavoidable or certain to happen
g. Dire: Extremely serious or dreadful
h. Anguish: Severe physical or mental distress
i. Impending: About to happen or upcoming
j. Ruthless: Having no pity or compassion
b. She is sanguine about the prospects for the economic development of the country.
c. Innocent people face unexpected slaughter during war.
d. The crowd laughed at the absurdity of the singer’s behaviour.
e. Intellectuals should be concerned about the horror and futility of war.
f. He sensed her reluctance to continue the work.
g. They bestir themselves at the first light of morning.
Answer: The Italian socialist Mergari was treated like a madman because he dared to speak humane and natural words against the senselessness of war during an era when society was deeply blinded by aggressive militarism and intense nationalism.
Answer: Yes, political goals can sometimes be temporarily achieved through war when leaders manipulate nationalistic fervor and force citizens to fight. However, utilizing war as a political instrument remains morally wrong and criminal because it results in mass destruction, human suffering, and widespread loss of life.
Answer: The desire to prevent conflict while simultaneously preparing for widespread military violence and stockpiling weapons for future warfare were described as mutually contradictory hopes and plans.
Answer: The sacred duty of every person of goodwill is to refuse to stay indifferent to global crises, actively standing against militarism and uniting in sincere efforts to prevent war and avoid human catastrophe.
Answer: No, accepting war silently as a political tool is dangerous. Instead, people must actively reject violent conflict, demanding that international disputes be settled through diplomacy, open negotiation, mutual respect, and peaceful cooperation.
Answer: War can be prevented when global citizens reject indifference, challenge aggressive state leaders, refuse to support militaristic propaganda, and demand that international disputes be resolved through justice, human rights, and diplomatic dialogue.
Answer: The main message of the essay is that war is inherently futile, barbaric, and destructive, and that sustainable global peace can only be secured through genuine human effort, solidarity, mutual understanding, and active opposition to violence.
Answer:
Warmongers represent one of the most severe threats to global peace because they actively instigate, promote, and glorify armed conflict for political dominance, territorial gain, or financial profit. By exploiting nationalistic pride, spreading hateful propaganda, and manipulating public emotion, they construct hostile environments where violence is viewed as the primary solution to diplomatic disagreements, leading directly to human destruction.
The true tragedy of warmongering lies in its disproportionate impact, as those who advocate for war rarely experience the devastating bloodshed suffered by frontline soldiers and innocent civilians. Rather than pursuing violence, influential leaders must recognize that no geopolitical objective justifies the destruction of human life, disrupted communities, and widespread poverty generated by modern warfare.
Therefore, warmongers must abandon violent strategies and redirect their authority toward constructive diplomacy, international law, and human welfare. Resolving conflicts through mediation, open dialogue, and peaceful reconciliation remains the only ethical path toward long-term security and world progress.
Answer:
Yes, I strongly agree with John Steinbeck’s assertion that war represents a fundamental failure of human intellect and moral reasoning. Although human beings possess advanced cognitive abilities, moral awareness, and sophisticated language designed for complex problem-solving, nations routinely resort to primitive violence to settle political, economic, or territorial disputes.
Historical events starkly illustrate the destructive absurdity of war, where both victors and defeated nations face immense casualties, economic ruin, and long-term psychological trauma. The catastrophic atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 demonstrated the horrifying consequences of industrial warfare, revealing how technological advancements paired with moral failure threaten total human annihilation.
In conclusion, choosing organized violence over peaceful negotiation proves that diplomacy and human empathy have failed. True intellectual maturity demands that civilized societies resolve disagreements through structured dialogue, international cooperation, and mutual respect rather than destructive conflict.
Answer:
No war can ever truly eliminate future conflicts or establish permanent global peace. Armed conflict relies on destruction, fear, and coercion, which inevitably leave behind deep resentment, economic instability, and unresolved political grievances that fuel subsequent cycles of violence.
The historical failure of the "war to end all wars" premise was clearly demonstrated following World War I, where punitive treaties and unaddressed geopolitical tensions directly laid the groundwork for World War II. True peace cannot be built upon military domination; force merely suppresses conflict temporarily while sowing the seeds of future hostility.
Ultimately, sustainable global peace requires structural justice, active diplomacy, and mutual trust. Lasting stability is achieved when nations prioritize international cooperation, defend human rights, and resolve grievances through peaceful dialogue rather than military force.
Answer:
Nations engage in war due to a complex combination of geopolitical, economic, and ideological factors. Primary drivers include competition over vital natural resources, territorial expansion, political dominance, ideological divisions, extreme nationalism, and historical rivalries. In many instances, authoritarian leaders provoke external conflicts to consolidate domestic power or distract from internal political failures.
Furthermore, wars frequently erupt when diplomatic channels collapse or when international institutions fail to enforce international law effectively. Miscalculations regarding military strength, fear of impending attacks, alliance obligations, and defense motives also force nations into destructive conflicts.
In conclusion, while the underlying motives for conflict vary, war fundamentally represents a systemic failure of peaceful communication. Establishing global stability requires prioritizing international law, transparent diplomacy, and equitable resource management to prevent disputes from escalating into armed aggression.
War and Peace
War and peace represent the two opposing paths defining human history. Peace embodies harmony, stability, social development, and human progress, whereas war represents destruction, suffering, fear, and moral breakdown. Throughout history, societies have navigated the stark contrast between constructive peaceful co-existence and the devastating consequences of state-sanctioned violence.
The true cost of war extends far beyond battlefield casualties, inflicting severe damage on civilian populations, public infrastructure, and national economies. Conflict destroys educational systems, disrupts healthcare networks, devastates environments, and leaves long-term psychological trauma across generations. Major global conflicts, including the two World Wars, clearly demonstrate that militarism inflicts massive suffering while failing to deliver permanent geopolitical solutions.
Furthermore, the advent of modern military technology, including nuclear, chemical, and biological weaponry, has heightened the existential threat facing humanity. The destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki serves as a permanent historical reminder that unchecked warfare threatens human survival. Consequently, resolving international disputes through violent force is an obsolete and dangerous approach to foreign policy.
Genuine peace encompasses far more than the simple absence of active combat; it requires justice, human rights, mutual respect, equality, and diplomatic integrity. Visionary leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi demonstrated that non-violent resistance and ethical advocacy can successfully challenge injustice without causing widespread destruction. International organizations, independent judicial bodies, and open diplomatic channels remain vital tools for resolving disputes peacefully.
In conclusion, prioritizing peace is an absolute necessity for global survival and prosperity. Nations must move away from aggressive militarism and invest in education, diplomacy, economic justice, and international cooperation. Fostering a global culture of empathy and dialogue remains the only sustainable path toward a secure future.
Responsible Youths for Peace and Prosperity
Youth represent the most dynamic, innovative, and influential demographic in driving societal progress. Possessing energy, technological literacy, and creative vision, young people hold the power to dismantle outdated prejudices and champion peace and economic prosperity within their communities and nations.
Establishing lasting peace requires active youth participation in rejecting extremism, ideological intolerance, and social discrimination. By cultivating critical thinking and media literacy, young citizens can combat online misinformation and hate speech that fuel political and social polarization. Fostering cross-cultural dialogue and advocating for inclusivity allows youth to build cohesive, resilient communities.
In addition to peacebuilding, responsible youth are essential for economic prosperity. Through entrepreneurship, digital innovation, and civic engagement, young professionals can address local challenges, generate employment, and support sustainable development. Active participation in democratic processes ensures government transparency, accountability, and ethical leadership.
In conclusion, empowering youth through quality education, leadership opportunities, and social support is vital for national success. When young citizens channel their energy into constructive civic action, ethical leadership, and mutual respect, they lay the foundation for a peaceful, balanced, and prosperous global society.
Subject: The children | Verb: Are playing | Adverbial: Now
Pattern: Subject + Verb + Adverbial
Subject: Srijana | Verb: Will be reading | Object: A story
Pattern: Subject + Verb + Object
Subject: Bimala | Linking verb: Is | Subject complement: A very beautiful girl
Pattern: Subject + Linking Verb + Complement
Subject: She | Adverbial: Usually | Verb: Wears | Object: Glasses
Pattern: Subject + Adverbial + Verb + Object
Subject: They | Verb: Elected | Object: Him | Object complement: President
Pattern: Subject + Verb + Object + Complement
Subject: Rabin | Verb: Is laughing
Pattern: Subject + Verb
Subject: He | Verb: Has | Object: A big house | Adverbial: In Butwal
Pattern: Subject + Verb + Object + Adverbial
Subject: The man who lives next door | Linking verb: Is | Subject complement: A professor
Pattern: Subject + Linking Verb + Complement
Subject: Her uncle | Verb: Has been living | Adverbial of place: In Kathmandu | Adverbial of duration: For fifteen years
Pattern: Subject + Verb + Adverbial + Adverbial
Subject: The girl with long hair | Verb: Asked | Indirect object: Me | Direct object: A question | Adverbial: Last week
Pattern: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object + Adverbial
