Career and Entrepreneurship Class 11 English

Vocabulary & Plural Nouns

A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings:

a. Making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, or use: Comfortable
b. Having completed a degree from a university: Graduated
c. Without being connected with or influenced by something or someone else: Independently
d. The introduction of new ideas, methods, or ways of doing something: Innovation
e. Familiar with something because you have read, seen, or experienced it: Acquainted
f. A person who starts or runs a business, especially by taking financial risks: Entrepreneur
g. An opportunity or place for someone to express opinions publicly or make progress in a particular field: Platform
h. To use something, especially for a practical purpose: Utilise

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B. Write the plural forms of the following nouns:

Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Calf	Calves	Basis	Bases
Sheaf	Sheaves	Cactus	Cacti / Cactuses
Louse	Lice	Crisis	Crises
Person	People / Persons	Formula	Formulae / Formulas
Ox	Oxen	Fungus	Fungi / Funguses
Goose	Geese	Oasis	Oases
Analysis	Analyses	Curriculum	Curricula / Curriculums
Appendix	Appendices / Appendixes	-	-

Comprehension

a. How did Mahabir Pun begin his lifelong journey in Nepal after returning from the United States?
Answer: After returning from the United States, Mahabir Pun stayed in his home village, Nangi, in Myagdi district. He began his lifelong journey by helping the villagers establish a high school and working there as a volunteer teacher.

b. Why did he not want to work for other companies in the United States or Nepal?
Answer: He did not want to work for other companies merely to achieve a so-called better standard of living. He wanted to work independently and do something meaningful for the benefit of people and society.

c. Why did he become involved in innovation?
Answer: He became involved in innovation because he wanted to find practical solutions to the problems faced by people in rural communities.

d. What income-generating programmes did he help to start?
Answer: He helped to start several income-generating programmes, including yak farming, camping grounds for trekkers, cheese production, jam production, paper making, beekeeping, vegetable farming, handicraft production, and fish farming.

e. Whose support is Pun receiving to continue his campaign?
Answer: Pun is receiving support from local communities and individuals who believe in his campaign for research, innovation, and national development.

f. How have developed countries become prosperous?
Answer: Developed countries have become prosperous because they give high priority to research and innovation. They invest large amounts of money, time, and resources in science, technology, education, and creative development.

g. How can Nepal retain its most talented and innovative people?
Answer: Nepal can retain talented and innovative people by creating a supportive environment in which they can work peacefully and productively. The country should provide research facilities, financial support, employment opportunities, recognition, modern technology, and a strong institutional system for innovation.

Critical Thinking

a. Pun says, “We do not have a culture of innovation that encourages young people to be innovative and creative.” Do you agree? Explain.

Answer:

Yes, I strongly agree with Mahabir Pun’s observation that Nepal currently lacks a robust culture of innovation designed to inspire and nurture the creative potential of its youth. A true culture of innovation represents a supportive ecosystem where novel experimentation, scientific research, and inventive problem-solving are actively encouraged and funded. In such an environment, young minds are given the intellectual freedom and physical infrastructure needed to test ideas, address local challenges, and convert concepts into sustainable solutions.

In Nepal, the primary obstacle lies in a traditional educational framework that continues to prioritize textbook memorization, theoretical examinations, and passive learning over practical innovation. Students are rarely incentivized to conduct independent research, question established norms, or develop original technological and social models. Furthermore, aspiring young entrepreneurs face severe constraints, including a lack of well-equipped laboratories, limited seed funding, minimal institutional mentorship, and a societal fear of failure that discourages calculated risk-taking.

To reverse the brain drain of talented individuals leaving the nation, Nepal must urgently establish dedicated innovation centers, reform academic curricula, and provide state-backed research grants. By learning from prosperous nations that prioritize technological development and creative risk-taking, the country can build an environment where youth-led innovation drives national development and economic growth.

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b. What qualities does a person need to become an entrepreneur?

Answer:

Becoming a successful entrepreneur demands a comprehensive blend of vision, resilience, leadership, and practical execution skills. At its core, entrepreneurship requires a creative mindset capable of identifying market gaps and transforming complex challenges into commercial or social opportunities. A visionary entrepreneur must possess the strategic foresight to define long-term goals while navigating changing economic environments.

Key operational traits include calculated risk-taking, self-confidence, and perseverance. An entrepreneur must be willing to make bold decisions based on market research while maintaining emotional strength during financial setbacks, operational failures, or public skepticism. Discipline, effective time management, sound financial planning, and strong interpersonal communication are equally critical for building cohesive teams, managing budgets, and securing investor confidence.

Ultimately, adaptability and decisive problem-solving capabilities determine long-term success. Because global business environments and technologies evolve rapidly, successful entrepreneurs must continuously learn new skills and adjust their strategies. By combining unwavering determination with ethical leadership and strategic planning, entrepreneurs drive economic progress and create meaningful societal value.

Grammar

E. Use the correct tense of the verbs given in brackets:

a. I do not know where Muna is. __________ her? (you/see)
Answer: Have you seen
Complete Sentence: I do not know where Muna is. Have you seen her?

b. Janak __________ very well last week. (not/be)
Answer: Was not
Complete Sentence: Janak was not very well last week.

c. Last night, I __________ my keys, so I stayed at my friend’s house. (lose)
Answer: Lost
Complete Sentence: Last night, I lost my keys, so I stayed at my friend’s house.

d. I __________ my keys. Can you help me look for them? (lose)
Answer: Have lost
Complete Sentence: I have lost my keys. Can you help me look for them?

e. I __________ Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month. (know)
Answer: Have known
Complete Sentence: I have known Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.

f. She __________ in Sikkim when she was a child. (live)
Answer: Lived
Complete Sentence: She lived in Sikkim when she was a child.

g. A: What is wrong? B: I __________ a glass. (break)
Answer: Have broken
Complete Sentence: I have broken a glass.

h. A: When __________? (you/arrive) B: At 10 p.m. last night.
Answer: Did you arrive
Complete Sentence: When did you arrive?

i. How long __________ Sarmila? (you/know)
Answer: Have you known
Complete Sentence: How long have you known Sarmila?

j. This is the first time I __________ a car. (drive)
Answer: Have driven
Complete Sentence: This is the first time I have driven a car.

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F. Use "been" or "gone":

a. I have never __________ to Japan.
Answer: Been
Complete Sentence: I have never been to Japan.

b. Kalpana has __________ to Korea. She may return next year.
Answer: Gone
Complete Sentence: Kalpana has gone to Korea. She may return next year.

c. A: Where is Rachana? B: She has __________ to the shops.
Answer: Gone
Complete Sentence: She has gone to the shops.

d. Harina was here earlier, but I think she has __________ now.
Answer: Gone
Complete Sentence: Harina was here earlier, but I think she has gone now.

e. Have you ever __________ to London?
Answer: Been
Complete Sentence: Have you ever been to London?